Emojis have become a natural part of digital communication. They add personality, lighten tone, and make interfaces more expressive. But when added carelessly, emojis can break accessibility for screen reader users, confuse users with cognitive impairments, and hinder localization efforts. The good news is that with a few simple best practices, you can use emojis in your UI without sacrificing accessibility.
The Problem with Raw Emoji Usage
When a screen reader encounters an emoji, it attempts to read its description. Sometimes this works fine. For example, the “📧” emoji might be read as “e-mail.” But it could also be announced as “envelope with downward arrow above,” depending on the platform. Worse, complex emojis or emoji sequences might produce confusing or verbose output.
Another issue arises when emojis are used as decorative icons or in ways that do not make sense when read out loud. For example, using “🔥” in a button label like “🔥 Hot Deals” might lead the screen reader to say “fire hot deals,” which could be unclear or jarring.
Accessible Emoji Best Practices
1. Use aria-hidden for Decorative Emojis
If the emoji is purely decorative and doesn’t convey meaning, hide it from assistive technology using aria-hidden="true".
<span aria-hidden="true">🎉</span> Congratulations!This way, screen readers will skip the emoji and only announce the readable text.
2. Use aria-label or role="img" with Descriptive Text
If the emoji adds meaningful content or emotion, wrap it in a span with a descriptive label and use role="img".
<span role="img" aria-label="party popper">🎉</span> You did it! This ensures the screen reader reads “party popper” rather than trying to interpret the emoji.
3. Don’t Use Emojis Alone as Labels or Buttons
Avoid using emojis by themselves for critical UI elements like buttons or links. Pair them with visible text.
Bad:
<button>🔍</button>Better:
<button><span aria-hidden="true">🔍</span> Search</button>Even better if you hide the emoji from screen readers as shown, since “Search” is already clear.
4. Watch Out for Skin Tone and Gender Modifiers
Some emoji sequences include modifiers like skin tone or gender, which can confuse screen readers. For example, “👨🏽💻” might be read as “man medium skin tone technologist.” Decide if these modifiers are necessary or if a simpler emoji works better.
5. Test with Screen Readers
Whenever you add emojis, test the experience with screen readers like NVDA, VoiceOver, or JAWS. Listen to how the emoji is read out and whether it makes sense in context.
Final Thoughts
Emojis are a fun and powerful tool in digital interfaces, but without care, they can create barriers for users who rely on assistive technologies. By following simple guidelines like hiding decorative emojis, using clear labels, and avoiding emoji-only buttons, you can make your content more inclusive while keeping the fun alive. Accessibility and expressiveness don’t have to be at odds. With thoughtful implementation, you can have both.
The Computer Chick 